Amazing Nd:YVO4 crystal Performance study

Nd:YVO4 crystal belong to the tetragonal system and are positive uniaxial crystals. Nd:YVO4 crystal has been widely recognized as a crucial laser product given its advancement in 1966.

Nonetheless, the scientists found problems in the scattering center, the absorption color center, etc. For that reason, it is difficult to expand top-quality crystals to the size needed for a flash pump.

Luckily, it has outstanding absorption as well as gains in the wavelength of diode radiation. And the transmission section is huge. The output laser has great polarization characteristics. These suffice to cover the drawbacks of its little development dimension.

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Benefits

Nd:YVO4 has exceptional properties. Compared with another commonly used Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet), its pump broadband is extra extensive. The efficiency of absorption transmission capacity is higher. The stimulated discharge cross-section is much more detailed as well as having superb development value. Nd:YVO4 are utilized together with nonlinear optical crystals such as LBO crystals, BBO crystals, KTP crystals, and so on. It can understand frequency-doubling conversion as well as readjust the working wavelength. The all-solid-state laser made of Nd:YVO4 crystal can output near-infrared light, green light, blue light, ultraviolet light, and so forth.

• At regarding 808 nm pump transmission capacity, about the Nd:YAG five times
• Area at 1064 nm of the promoted exhaust of radiation is an Nd:YAG 3 times.
• Light damage limit is low, high slope effectiveness
• Uniaxial crystal axis, the output of linear polarization

Weak points

Compared to the standard Nd:YAG crystal, Nd:YVO4 has the advantages of a much higher absorption coefficient, a greater emission random sample, polarization absorption as well as exhaust characteristics, a bigger absorption transmission capacity, and ignorance of the temperature modification of the diode. For that reason, it is commonly used in LD-pumped solid-state lasers.

However, it has a huge discharge cross-section as well as a short upper power life. The energy storage capacity of Nd:YVO4 is a lot less than that of Nd:YAG. The peak power of the Q-switched over pulse output is incompatible with high energy. Their benefits are limited to continuous wave results, high average control, and high conversion performance. On top of that, the thermal conductivity of Nd:YVO4 is very low, only half that of Nd:YAG. Therefore, it is not for achieving high-power, constant wave output.

Applications

Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO4) crystal is a type of laser crystal with superb efficiency, which is appropriate for producing a laser diode pump, especially for a low-power laser. Compared with Nd:YAG, Nd:YVO4 has a greater absorption coefficient and also larger stimulated exhaust cross-section.

Laser diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 crystals are incorporated with LBO, BBO, and KTP, as well as other crystals with high nonlinear coefficients. It can achieve better frequency-doubling conversion efficiency. It can output near-infrared, green, as well as blue and ultraviolet light, as well as solid-state lasers.

Nd:YVO4 crystals are widely used in optical communication, industrial laser processing, laser varying, semiconductor detection, information storage, display, laser printing, medical evaluation, machinery, clinical research, and a variety of other fields.

Moreover, Nd:YVO4 diode-pumped solid-state lasers are quickly changing traditional water-cooled ion lasers as well as lamp-pumped lasers on the market, specifically in terms of miniaturization and single longitudinal setting output.

In the 21st century, numerous downstream sectors of Nd:YVO4 crystal are booming, and the application variety of Nd:YVO4 crystal is also continuously expanding with evident efficiency advantages.

Growth method

In the 1960s, Nd:YVO4 crystal was created. It was extracted from sodium metavanadate melt by the cooling method. The size of the Nd:YVO4 crystal expanded by this technique was tiny. Since then, the growth procedure of Nd:YVO4 crystal has been advanced, such as by the Zhilar method, the fire melting method, the floating area growth method, the Bryman method, and the pull method. Currently, the growth techniques for Nd:YVO4 crystal are numerous. The illustration technique is the mainstream Nd:YVO4 crystal development procedure, which can expand big, high-quality crystals.

Pulling method

Because the melting point of Nd:YVO4 crystals is extremely high (1820 °C), gold-dependent crucible growth is required. Because gold-dependent crucibles will be oxidized at high temperatures, a neutral gas (hydrogen) should be used to shield the crucible.

In this way, growing in an anoxic environment, the dissolved part will certainly decompose into low-priced vanadium oxide (part of YVO4 will certainly decompose right into YVO3), as well as an oxygen shortage will certainly take place in the crystal, leading to the generation of the color center.

Growing in an oxygen-rich atmosphere will cause severe oxidation of the crucible. The lowered episcopes form encapsulations inside the crystal. This will bring about solid melt volatilization, leading to element deviation.

By using different expanding environments in different phases, the oxygen shortage in the crystal can be supplemented, the volatilization of raw materials can be hindered, the single-phase development of the crystal can be guaranteed, and the crystal cannot be smudged or spread because of the oxygen deficiency caused by hypoxia.

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